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|image_flag = Flag_of_Niš.gif |image_seal = |image_shield = Nis_Coat_of_Arms.png |city_logo = |image_map = |mapsize = 120px |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Serbia |pushpin_label_position = |coordinates_region = RS |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name =Serbia |subdivision_type1 = District |subdivision_name1 = Nišava |subdivision_type2 = Municipalities |subdivision_name2 = 5 |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor of Niš |leader_name = Zoran Perišić (SNS) |leader_title1 = Ruling parties |leader_name1 = SNS |established_title = First mention |established_date = 2nd century AD |established_title2 = Liberation from Ottomans |established_date2 = 11 January 1878 |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 597 |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |UrbanArea_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |MetroArea_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank2_title = |area_blank2_sq_mi = |area_blank2_km2 = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | total_type = City | population_total = 183,164 | population_blank1_title = Urban | population_blank1 = 260,237 〔 | population_blank2_title = Metro | population_blank2 = 373,404 〔 | population_density_km2 = 435.9 |timezone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |latd = 43|latm= 19|lats =09|latNS = N |longd = 21|longm = 53|longs =46|longEW = E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 195 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 18000 |area_code = (+381) 18 |website = (www.ni.rs ) |blank_name = Car plates |blank_info = NI }} Niš (, ) is the city of southern Serbia and the third-largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade and Novi Sad). It is the administrative center of the Nišava District. According to the 2011 census, the city has population of 183,164, while urban area of Niš (with adjacent urban settlement of Niška Banja included) has 187,544 inhabitants, administrative area has population of 260,237. It is one of the oldest cities in the Balkans and Europe, and has from ancient times been considered a gateway between the East and the West. It was founded by the Scordisci in 279 BC, after an invasion of the Balkans. The city was among several taken in the Roman conquest in 75 BC; the Romans built the ''Via Militaris'' in the 1st century, with Naissus being one of its key towns; it is also the birthplace of Constantine the Great, the first Christian Emperor and the founder of Constantinople, and Constantius III and Justin I. It is home to one of the oldest churches in Serbia, dating to the 4th century, located in the suburb of Mediana. The Balkans came under the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. In the 6th century, Slavs started settling the Balkans, while the town was held by the Byzantines until the 9th century, when it came under Bulgar rule. The town switched hands between the two, before being given by the Byzantines to the Serbs in the 12th century. Niš served as Stefan Nemanja's capital. It was conquered by the Ottomans in the 15th century, becoming the seat of a sanjak initially in Rumelia Eyalet (1385-1443, 1448-1846), laterly in Niš Eyalet (1846-1864) and finally in Danube Vilayet (1864-1878). It was liberated by the Serbian Army in 1878 during the Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78). Niš is one of the most important industrial centers in Serbia, a center of electronics industry (see Elektronska Industrija Niš), industry of mechanical engineering, textile and tobacco industry. Constantine the Great Airport is its international airport. In 2013 the city was host to the celebration of 1700 years of Constantine's Edict of Milan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Moderate Patriarch Sets New Course for Serb Church )〕 ==Name, location and climate== The town was named after the Nišava River, which flows through the city and which was named ''Navissos'' by the Celtic masters of the city in the 3rd century BC; it was then known as Roman ''Naissus'', Byzantine ''Nysos'' and Slavic ''Niš''. Legend has it that Niš was founded by a Prince Nisa, who built it using the nearby Humska Čuka stone. It has been called ''The Emperor's City''. The name is sometimes rendered ''Nish'' or ''Nissa'' in English. Niš is situated at the 43°19' latitude north and 21°54' longitude east, in the Nišava valley, near the spot where it joins the South Morava. The main city square, the city's central part, is at above sea level. The highest point in the city area is "Sokolov kamen" (Falcon's rock) on the Suva Planina (''Dry Mountain'') () while the lowest spot is at Trupale, near the mouth of the Nišava (). The city covers of five municipalities. The road running from the north down the Morava River valley forks into two major lines at Niš: the southern line, leading to Thessalonica and Athens, and the eastern one leading towards Sofia and Istanbul. Average annual temperature in the area of Niš is . July is the warmest month of the year, with an average of . The coldest month is January, averaging at . The average of the annual rainfall is . The average barometer value is 992.74 mb. On average, there are 134 days with rain and snow cover lasts for 41 days. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Niš」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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